Radial riveting (JM type) and orbital riveting (BM type) differ in their mechanisms and tool paths. Their working principles are outlined below.
(1) Radial Riveting (JM)
The motor drives the spindle through a coupling. A planetary mechanism with a small tooth-count difference transmits motion to a spherical joint, while a hydraulic cylinder applies downward pressure. On contacting the rivet, the tool follows an 11-lobed rosette path around the rivet and spindle centerline, forming the rivet by rolling without sliding.
(2) Orbital Riveting (BM)
The motor drives the spindle through a coupling while a hydraulic cylinder applies downward pressure. On contacting the rivet, the tool revolves around the rivet and spindle centerline and rotates under tangential force, producing rolling contact without sliding.